{"id":690,"date":"2024-07-15T15:10:36","date_gmt":"2024-07-15T18:10:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nogueiraengel.com.br\/?p=690"},"modified":"2024-07-23T14:47:31","modified_gmt":"2024-07-23T17:47:31","slug":"a-funcao-social-como-principio-do-direito-a-comunicacaola-funcion-social-como-principio-del-derecho-a-la-comunicacion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nogueiraengel.com.br\/en_US\/a-funcao-social-como-principio-do-direito-a-comunicacaola-funcion-social-como-principio-del-derecho-a-la-comunicacion\/","title":{"rendered":"The Social Function as a Principle of the Right to Communication"},"content":{"rendered":"

Heloisa Nogueira dos Santos (Bachelor of Laws)<\/strong>
Catholic University of Campinas, Brazil
ORCID: https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8838-8828
helo.nogs2020@gmail.com
Date Received: April 11, 2020 \u2013 Date Reviewed: April 22, 2020
Date Accepted: October 12, 2020 \u2013 Date Published: January 1, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The objective of this article is to argue for the applicability of the social function principle to the right to
communication; to this end, the methodology employed was a literature review of authors who support the
extension of said principle to cases other than those provided for in the Federal Constitution and the
Brazilian Civil Code. Through the study carried out, it was concluded that there is
compatibility between the institutes, being a possibility of realizing the right to communication
in concrete hypotheses of violation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keywords<\/strong>
Social function \u2013 Right to communication \u2013 Effectiveness<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Summary<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The purpose of this article is to defend the applicability of the principle of social function to the right
to communication. To this end, the methodology applied was a literary review by authors who
support the extension of this principle to other distinct hypotheses provided for in the Constitution
Federal and the Civil Code. Brasile\u00f1o Through the study it was concluded that there is a compatibility
between the institutes, with a possibility of realizing the right to communication in hypothesis
specific violations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keywords<\/strong>
Social function \u2013 Right to communication \u2013 Effectiveness<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To Cite this Article:<\/strong>
Santos, Heloisa Nogueira dos. The social function as a principle of the right to communication. Journal
Inclusiones Vol: 8 Special Issue (2021): 182-189.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License
(CC BY-NC 3.0)
International License<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The discussion regarding the right to communication and ways to ensure its effective application is urgent and necessary; in an era where we are bombarded with new information every second, the right to information is no longer limited to what was originally set forth in Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)1<\/sup>, but has become broader, coming to be known as the \"right to communication.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unlike other rights, the right to communication has increasingly come under scrutiny\u2014and faced violation\u2014in contemporary times. Although this right is not explicitly enshrined in our Magna Carta, the 1988 Federal Constitution makes subtle allusions in its articles to a right that was already being highlighted by the MacBride Report, published by UNESCO in 1983.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The right to communication has always existed, intrinsically linked to the right to freedom of expression and thought; however, the nuances currently being debated differ from those discussed at the beginning of the century.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Given the ease with which information\u2014especially news\u2014spreads, establishing criteria to determine whether the right to communication is being effectively realized has become more challenging; mere access to information is insufficient, as information must engage with all sectors of the population in a unified manner, and meaningful debate must be a possibility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Considering that UNESCO, the UN, and current global governance bodies already recognize the right to communication as a fundamental right, it is necessary to outline how it aligns with the Brazilian legal framework based on principles already present in our Federal Constitution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The principle of social function directly supports the effectiveness sought for this \u201cnew\u201d fundamental right; by establishing that the public interest must prevail over private interests in practical matters such as property and contracts, its goal is to benefit the collective in a diffuse manner\u2014much like the right to communication, which, when violated, produces real consequences that are not limited to specific individuals. Thus, although there is no express provision in our legal system regarding the application of the social function principle to the right to communication, their compatibility is evident.

<\/div>

<\/h1>The principle <\/span>of <\/span>social function <\/span>in the <\/span>legal <\/span>system <\/span>Brazilian<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The principle of social function in the Brazilian legal system is enshrined in Article 5, XXIII of the Federal Constitution2<\/sup> and Article 421 of the Civil Code,3<\/sup> which establish the applicability of said principle to contracts and private property.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1<\/sup>     UN,      \u201cUniversal Declaration      Of        Humans\u201d      (Paris:      UN,      1948). http:\/\/www.direitoshumanos.usp.br\/index.php\/Declara\u00e7\u00e3o-Universal-dos-Direitos-<\/a> Humans\/universal-declaration-of-human-rights.html. (15.09.2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2<\/sup> Brazil, Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil of 1988. Bras\u00edlia: National Constituent Assembly,        10.05.1988.         http:\/\/www.planalto.gov.br\/ccivil_03\/constituicao\/constituicao.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(08.10.2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3<\/sup>              Brazil, Civil Code, Bras\u00edlia: Federal Senate, 2002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

http:\/\/www.planalto.gov.br\/ccivil_03\/leis\/2002\/l10406.htm&gt<\/a> (28.10.2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When interpreting the Weimar Constitution, Salom\u00e3o states that the principle of social function, as we know it, is rooted in German law, drawing upon the maxim \"property entails obligations.\" The author further clarifies that the evolution of constitutional theory had to adapt to social changes\u2014particularly regarding the importance of the business enterprise as an economic agent\u2014thereby extending the principle of social function to business activities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Law No. 11.101\/054<\/sup> Article 47 expressly establishes the applicability of the principle of social function to business activity; this serves as one of the primary grounds for society to bear the negative, temporary costs associated with a company undergoing judicial reorganization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The extension of the principle of social function to laws and legal concepts other than property rights and freedom of contract can be observed systematically in current legislation; once again, Salom\u00e3o provides a perfect example, as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cExamples abound. This is not the appropriate place to describe them in detail, but rather only to the extent necessary to demonstrate their connection to the central idea of \u200b\u200bsocial function. Thus, in antitrust law, the concept of curbing price abuse (Art. 21 of Law No. 8.884\/1994) has evolved into a genuine positive obligation for the monopolist to charge competitive prices. In consumer law, the true revolution brought about by the new rules on liability for product defects (Art. 18 of Law No. 8.078\/1990) amounts to nothing less than establishing a statutory guarantee that supplements the contractual guarantee for the consumer's benefit. Finally, in environmental law, the *Cappelettian* concept of remedying caused harm\u2014even in the absence of specific, suffered damage (Art. 225, \u00a7 2, of the Federal Constitution)\u2014is a corollary to the conception of social function as involving positive duties rather than merely an obligation to abstain from action. In practice, this has led to the establishment of various specific obligations for companies, such as the duty to treat solid waste, recycle batteries and tires, etc.\u201d5<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This broad applicability of the social function principle serves as a regulatory instrument for relationships between natural and legal persons across all types of interactions; it imposes a balance that facilitates the development of other legal concepts which, on their own, sometimes lack the objectivity needed to resolve actual conflicts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The public nature of the social function is evident, as can be inferred from the provisions of the aforementioned article of the Federal Constitution. In this regard, Rachel Sztajn explains that the social function \u201cis the contribution a phenomenon makes to a system of which it is a part; under this definition, there is no obligation or liability on anyone's part, as it is limited to linking the event to its results.\u201d6<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This understanding is crucial for grasping the compatibility of the social function principle with the right to communication, insofar as the collective interest and the interest<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4<\/sup> Brazil, Bankruptcy and Judicial and Extrajudicial Reorganization Law (Bras\u00edlia: Federal Senate, 2005). http:\/\/www.planalto.gov.br\/ccivil_03\/_Ato2004-2006\/2005\/Lei\/L11101.htm<\/a> (28.10.2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5<\/sup> Salom\u00e3o Calixto Filho, \u201cSocial Function of the Contract: Preliminary Notes,\u201d *Revista dos Tribunais*<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vol. 823 (2004): 67\u201386<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6<\/sup> Rachel Sztajn, \u201cSocial Function,\u201d *Revista de Direito Empresarial* Vol. 7 (2015): 423\u2013427.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

...private [interests] are in constant conflict regarding the protection, promotion, and guarantee of the aforementioned fundamental right. The ramifications arising from this discussion encompass costs and consequences for society as a whole, making the principle of social function perfectly applicable to specific cases involving the right to communication.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evolution of the right to information alongside new forms of communication<\/strong>

As <\/span>explored <\/span>above, <\/span>the <\/span>the principle <\/span>of <\/span>of social <\/span>function is <\/span>compatible <\/span>with the <\/span>fundamental <\/span>right <\/span>to <\/span>communicate, <\/span>since <\/span>both <\/span>that <\/span>both <\/span>involve a <\/span>collective <\/span>interest requiring protection.<\/span>

As <\/span>to <\/span>is known, <\/span>the <\/span>the right to <\/span>communication <\/span>is not <\/span>to <\/span>explicitly enshrined in the <\/span>1988 Federal Constitution; it is expressed in the text solely regarding the protection of the right to free expression and access to information:<\/span>

Although the current Brazilian Constitution is known as the \"guaranteeing constitution\"\u2014 <\/span>given <\/span>the <\/span>the <\/span>list <\/span>right <\/span>fundamental guarantees <\/span>that <\/span>it contains in <\/span>its <\/span>text, <\/span>the <\/span>which <\/span>is also based on and subject to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights\u2014it addressed the right to communication in a subtle manner, linking it to the right to information.<\/span>

This occurred because the debate regarding the need to protect and guarantee the right to communication was only just emerging on the international stage; nuances that are very evident today were not yet apparent at the time the 1988 Constitution was promulgated, and the protection of the right to information appeared to be sufficiently comprehensive.<\/span>

It is important to highlight the international landscape of that period regarding the right to information and communication, as this allows for a better understanding of how the right to information evolved within the Brazilian legal system.<\/span>.<\/span>One of the most important international documents\u2014if not the most important\u2014to address the right to communication and the right to information for the first time was the MacBride Report, produced by subject-matter experts and released by UNESCO in 1980.8<\/sup>The report exposed the actual situation of inequality in the production and dissemination of information, noting that the West produced a large share of information and news content. <\/span>right <\/span>large <\/span>relevance. <\/span>The <\/span>Western control over <\/span>information <\/span>at <\/span>a <\/span>level<\/span> global level was\u2014and remains\u2014undeniable. The report proposed measures to alter this scenario over time; naturally, achieving this required the commitment of major world powers.<\/span>

This pattern of informational disproportion <\/span>at the global level is also mirrored within Brazil. In a study conducted by Camilo Vannuchi using documents published by the Chamber of Deputies' Committee on Science and Technology, Communication and Informatics, <\/span>and citing Lima and Rabelo, it was found that there is a monopoly on the means of dissemination\u2014particularly regarding news broadcast on television\u2014as shown below:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n


The challenge of regulating and promoting the right to information is persistent; although this issue was recognized globally in the 1980s, violations continue to occur in virtually every context observed.<\/span>.

The advent of the internet amplified all of this; initially, one might have thought that the ability to send and receive information so easily would resolve the problem of information imbalance or monopoly.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n


Unfortunately, that is not the case; in Brazil, many fundamental issues remain unresolved or insufficiently addressed, and while the internet acted as a catalyst for <\/span>at <\/span>the <\/span>entire <\/span>discussion, <\/span>it <\/span>also <\/span>gave rise to new <\/span>situations <\/span>right <\/span>involving violations <\/span>of <\/span>the fundamental right to information and communication.<\/span>

A <\/span>magazine <\/span>of <\/span>the Lawyer10<\/sup> <\/span>at <\/span>its <\/span>edition of <\/span>No. <\/span>143, <\/span>published <\/span>at <\/span>August <\/span>right <\/span>2019 <\/span>in honor of the 70th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, featured an article highlighting the Senate's current situation regarding bills aimed at resolving the \"fake news\" problem<\/span>

The proposals range from criminal to financial penalties, yet all seem like <\/span>a <\/span>a Band-Aid for <\/span>a <\/span>a problem <\/span>structural <\/span>that <\/span>that can only <\/span>be <\/span>overcome <\/span>through commitment and proper oversight, going far beyond the mere act of publishing false news online.<\/span>

Thus, the chaotic scenario we face today demonstrates that the right to information has failed to <\/span>materialize <\/span>in <\/span>the form <\/span>proposed <\/span>both <\/span>by <\/span>the Constitution <\/span>(Federal) <\/span>and <\/span>by UNESCO guidelines. The advent of the internet accelerated the pace of events, offering solutions to certain problems regarding access to information; however, it also introduced new issues <\/span>that compounded existing <\/span>challenges, <\/span>such as<\/span> the informational monopoly held by television networks in Brazil, thereby hindering the protection of the right to communication.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The right to communication as a fundamental right<\/strong>

As can be seen, the right to communication initially emerged as an extension of the right to information. However, it only appeared in an official international document in 1980, with the publication of the MacBride Report by UNESCO.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In explaining the evolution of the right to communication\u2014stemming from the inadequacy of the right to information to safeguard the necessary guarantees\u2014Vannuchi states that:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe right to communication emerged from the realization that the right to information and freedom of expression were insufficient concepts to encompass <\/span>the <\/span>guarantees <\/span>necessary <\/span>of <\/span>for the exercise <\/span>of <\/span>of communication, <\/span>which is <\/span>viewed as an essential act for human dignity and the full development <\/span>of <\/span>individuals. <\/span>It is <\/span>a concept <\/span>distinct from those, although it touches upon them. Transparency laws, for instance, seek to guarantee the right to information but do not interfere with the production chain of social communication.\u201d11<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This <\/span>observation <\/span>made by the <\/span>Author <\/span>aligns <\/span>at <\/span>compatible <\/span>with <\/span>the <\/span>what is set forth in the MacBride Report; in proposing the existence of the right to communication as a right autonomous from the right to information, the report maintains that human beings have a need not only to receive information but also to engage in a dialogue with it\u2014a need that varies in many ways depending on the interlocutor and the receiver in this relationship.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thus, the right to communication is grounded in and directly connected to <\/span>the guarantee <\/span>of the human being <\/span>to express themselves <\/span>freely, as provided for in <\/span>Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The human capacity to live in a society that ensures critical and intellectual development\u2014through access to information and the ability to engage in dialogue with it\u2014is a fundamental right for the promotion of human dignity.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Compatibility between the principle of social function and the right to communication<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As previously noted, the principle of social function is an instrument that can be used to regulate situations where a balance must be struck between private interests and those of the collective or the community.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As previously noted, the right to communication is a fundamental right, just like the right to freedom of expression and information. Its protection and promotion are essential in the society we live in today; the existence of the internet and its impact on how we relate to one another and live our lives demonstrate the immense importance of safeguarding the right to communication.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As aptly stated in the MacBride Report, the subtle difference between the act of informing and the act of communicating lies in the possibility of interaction\u2014specifically, the potential for a response from the recipient. This concept is perfectly applicable to current situations involving violations of the right to communication.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11<\/sup> Camilo Vannuchi, \u201cThe right to communication\u2026 9-10.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


People's need to be connected is a fundamental right; without adequate instruments to resolve conflicts or situations involving violations, <\/span>it simply <\/span>perpetuates such a <\/span>scenario, <\/span>making <\/span>that <\/span>entire <\/span>a solution <\/span>seem increasingly <\/span>distant.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thus, considering that the Brazilian Federal Constitution contains many tools aimed at guaranteeing rights and addressing Human Rights violations, it is entirely appropriate to use them to align the current legal framework with the reality faced by society.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In <\/span>this vein, <\/span>the <\/span>that <\/span>to <\/span>it aims for <\/span>with <\/span>entire <\/span>application of the <\/span>the principle <\/span>of <\/span>of social <\/span>social [aspect] as a premise <\/span>of <\/span>the right to <\/span>communication <\/span>and is <\/span>right <\/span>practical in nature, <\/span>in the <\/span>that <\/span>concerns <\/span>entire <\/span>a solution <\/span>right <\/span>conflicts, with the compatibility between these concepts lying in the public character of both. It is undeniable <\/span>that the right to communication will always arise within the <\/span>social sphere, <\/span>making <\/span>and that regulations regarding instances where the right is violated must be practical and effective.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A <\/span>creation <\/span>right <\/span>since <\/span>law <\/span>that <\/span>prescribes a <\/span>situation <\/span>specific <\/span>that <\/span>encompasses <\/span>the <\/span>right <\/span>to communication is unable to solve the problems faced by a society that spends much of its time connected to networks and servers that constantly appear as potential violators of the right to communication.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More <\/span>of <\/span>that <\/span>never <\/span>entire <\/span>need <\/span>right <\/span>to protect <\/span>the <\/span>right <\/span>fundamental <\/span>the <\/span>communication is urgent <\/span>within the <\/span>society <\/span>that <\/span>we live in, <\/span>entire <\/span>spread <\/span>right <\/span>news <\/span>fake [news] grows <\/span>more <\/span>entire <\/span>every day; the need to seek out sources and engage in dialogue with them has never been as essential as <\/span>today. <\/span>A <\/span>plurality <\/span>right <\/span>agents <\/span>transmitting <\/span>and <\/span>receiving <\/span>information <\/span>never <\/span>was <\/span>so great <\/span>as <\/span>in <\/span>days <\/span>current, <\/span>is not <\/span>to have <\/span>a <\/span>instrument <\/span>based on principles <\/span>that <\/span>allows <\/span>entire <\/span>analyzing conflicts with a view to an effective solution poses yet another obstacle to guaranteeing and protecting fundamental rights.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thus, in light of the foregoing, one can conclude that the principle of social function is compatible with the pursuit of an effective right to communication in its current forms\u2014namely, via the internet, magazines, television, and, above all, social media.<\/span>

Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thus,<\/span> <\/span>based on<\/span> <\/span>of<\/span> <\/span>points<\/span> <\/span>outlined,<\/span> <\/span>and is<\/span> <\/span>it is<\/span> <\/span>concluded<\/span> <\/span>that;<\/span> <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>the principle<\/span> <\/span>of<\/span> <\/span>the social function within the Brazilian legal system has gained increasing prominence over the years; it is no longer viewed merely as a premise applicable solely to contracts and private property, but has become<\/span> <\/span>entire<\/span> <\/span>a<\/span> <\/span>a<\/span> <\/span>potential<\/span> <\/span>regulatory<\/span> <\/span>at<\/span> <\/span>relationships<\/span> <\/span>in<\/span> <\/span>which<\/span> <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>right<\/span> <\/span>private law and public law are on an inevitable collision course, as seen in the debate regarding the need to ensure the right to communication and information.<\/span><\/div><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regarding <\/span>that <\/span>for <\/span>the promotion, <\/span>the guarantee <\/span>and <\/span>protection <\/span>of <\/span>right <\/span>the <\/span>information <\/span>and the <\/span>the right to <\/span>communication <\/span>and is <\/span>necessary <\/span>firstly <\/span>to visualize <\/span>the <\/span>current <\/span>scenario, <\/span>that <\/span>to <\/span>has <\/span>in the <\/span>Brazil, which faces unresolved issues concerning the protection of this fundamental right; for, as previously stated, the existence of monopolies <\/span>informational <\/span>within the Brazilian landscape makes the concrete resolution of problems\u2014such as the spread of false news\u2014an almost impossible task.<\/span>
Thus, <\/span>entire <\/span>proposal that <\/span>to <\/span>makes <\/span>and is <\/span>entire <\/span>application <\/span>of <\/span>the principle <\/span>of <\/span>of social <\/span>social as <\/span>a way to ensure the effectiveness of the right to communication. The use of existing instruments <\/span>in the <\/span>legal <\/span>system <\/span>right <\/span>way <\/span>compatible <\/span>and is <\/span>since <\/span>way of <\/span>facilitating <\/span>entire <\/span>the application of the law in a coherent manner, bringing greater security to the Democratic Rule of Law regarding the relationships established between the parties involved.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bch. Heloisa Nogueira dos SantosUniversidade Cat\u00f3lica de Campinas, BrasilORCID: https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8838-8828helo.nogs2020@gmail.comFecha de Recepci\u00f3n: 11 de abril de 2020 \u2013 Fecha Revisi\u00f3n: 22 de abril de 2020Fecha de Aceptaci\u00f3n: 12 de octubre de 2020 \u2013 Fecha de Publicaci\u00f3n: 01 de enero de 2021 Resumo O objetivo do presente artigo \u00e9 defender a aplicabilidade do princ\u00edpio da fun\u00e7\u00e3o […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":841,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-690","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nA FUN\u00c7\u00c3O SOCIAL COMO PRINC\u00cdPIO DO DIREITO \u00c0 COMUNICA\u00c7\u00c3O - LA FUNCI\u00d3N SOCIAL COMO PRINCIPIO DEL DERECHO A LA COMUNICACI\u00d3N - Nogueira Engel Sociedade de Advogados<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nogueiraengel.com.br\/en_US\/a-funcao-social-como-principio-do-direito-a-comunicacaola-funcion-social-como-principio-del-derecho-a-la-comunicacion\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A FUN\u00c7\u00c3O SOCIAL COMO PRINC\u00cdPIO DO DIREITO \u00c0 COMUNICA\u00c7\u00c3O - LA FUNCI\u00d3N SOCIAL COMO PRINCIPIO DEL DERECHO A LA COMUNICACI\u00d3N - Nogueira Engel Sociedade de Advogados\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bch. 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